Current Magazine: Feature highlights
Two-photon polymerisation: technique and system
Sven Passinger, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Andreas Ostendorf, and Boris N. Chichkov
Rapid progress in the performance of ultra-short pulse laser systems has created exciting possibilities for two-photon polymerisation (2PP), a promising 3D microfabrication method that requires high and precise localization of femtosecond laser pulses in both time and space.
The figure shows an example of what can be achieved by 2PP, the process offers high resolution and the capability of real 3-dimensional structuring, providing unprecedented freedom in the fabrication of complex micro- and nanostructures.
IMAGE: The design and SEM images of the fabricated micro-mechanical components (cog scale: 30 microns across)
Benefits of the two-photon process: In operation 2PP is somewhat similar to that of the traditional stereo-lithography technique, but provides much better structural resolution and quality.
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A new method of laser beam induced surface modification
Paul Hilton and Ian Jones
Surfi-Sculpt® is a power beam process, invented at and patented by TWI, which enables controlled surface features to be developed on a range of substrates, including but not limited to metals, polymers and ceramics. Such surface features were first demonstrated using electron beams, employing electromagnetic coils to first focus the beam and then deflect this focused beam over the material surface in a rapid and controlled manner. This article describes recent work, which has involved the use of focused laser beams to develop similar features.
IMAGE: Photograph of Surfi-Sculpt® star shapes in titanium alloy made in argon.
The process
Fibre delivered laser beams and galvanometer driven scanning mirrors were used in this work to produce the rapidly moving spot of laser energy required for the process. After generation of a molten pool in the substrate material, the beam is then rapidly moved relative to the workpiece. As a result of vapour pressure and surface tension effects, the laser beam movement results in material being moved from within the pool to regions at the extreme end of the beam movement. By repeating this process, it is possible to build up protrusions of several millimeters in height above the surface of the material. By combining and sequencing these protrusions together, a variety of shapes or features can be formed.
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